Design and Implementation of Optimized Controller for E-Vehicles

The dwindling supply of fossil fuels has created a shortage, while the discharge of CO2 emissions from internal combustion engines poses a serious threat to the environment through air pollution. Hence, electric vehicles (EVs) play a vital role in the automotive sector by decreasing CO2 emissions and reducing the usage of fossil fuels. The performance of EVs is also comparable to that of internal combustion engines used in automobiles. The faithful operation of an EV relies on three main parts: the battery, controller, and motor. This proposed research article emphasizes the design, implementation, and testing of a low-cost EV controller that operates at a lower frequency than other conventional high-frequency controllers. A PMDC motor is used as a load to rotate the wheels, and a Lithium-Ion battery powers the electric vehicle. The controller, which is the major part of the vehicle, is used to control the PMDC motor. The controller controls the output voltage, and the converter is controlled by the controller. Compared to conventional vehicles or transport, electric vehicles are more efficient, and this E-vehicle's load capability will be increased. The ripple of the output voltage from the converter will be reduced by adding capacitors.