Post-hysterectomy vaginal cuff cancer secondary to HPV infection and CIN

We present a case report of secondary vaginal cancer after complete hysterectomy due to myoma that was complicated by low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN I) and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. After complete hysterectomy, the HPV DNA level in the vaginal tissue was obviously increased, and vaginal cancer was diagnosed 6 months later. We conclude that HPV infection can cause vaginal cancer after complete hysterectomy in cases complicated by CIN. Therefore, HPV should be regularly assessed during the postoperative follow-up period.