Biological vs. Chemical Treatments of Agrowastes: Chemical, Physical and Morphological properties

i) Aims
The purpose of this study is to improve the surface structure of rice husks, using solid state fermentation (SSF), as eco- treatment process compared to conventional chemical treatments (alkali, and acidic treatments).
ii) Main Methods
A mixed culture of Aspergillus awamori and Cunninghamella elegans in SSF was a proper organisms isolated and used in this investigated treatment. All media used for solid state fermentation were prepared by substituted the carbon source in the foregoing media by RHs fibers, and the incubation period 7 days at 30oC. The beneficial effect of investigated treatment was evaluated by comparing the chemical constituents, IR measurements, thermal stability using non-isothermal thermogravimetric technique, and surface imaging using scanning electron microscope of the treated fibers, with that produced from conventional chemical treated fibers.
iii) Key Findings
The results showed that the investigated biological treatment had positive effect for removing the hemicelluloses and lignin, with preserving the strength of fibers, compared to chemical treated RH. The FTIR- and TGA- measurements, as well as SEM, evident this view.
These results suggest a promising hope that offers the possibility of producing valuable cellulosic material from Egyptian agro-wastes that eventually will be highly amenable for several industries that may improve the Egyptian economy.
iv) Significance
The studies performed should assist future efforts toward applying new biological treatment for RHs fibers, for further application. In addition, application of the extreme processing conditions to traditional one could prove interesting.