Sexual and Reproductive Health in the Era of Covid-19

Background: Since the starting of the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus, it has caused may health problems, apart from so many deaths. Because of its high morbidity and mortality, there has been an aura of fear among the people and the countries. Among the various health issues, sexual and reproductive health is one that needs attention. The virus affects the genitourinary system as well apart from the respiratory and the gastrointestinal systems. It attaches to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and causes secondary changes. The effects on semen, vaginal secretions, vertical transmission, sexual and reproductive health and the psychology of the individual person will be discussed here.

Methods: A literature review was performed to identify papers and analyses that discussed the outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 on the sexual and reproductive health, semen quality, modes of transmission, impact on the methods of sex, psychological aspects, etc. All the work related to COVID-19, sex and the sexual health were included in this review.

Results: Various effects of SARS-Cov-2 on sexual and reproductive health include: The virus is found in semen, but no case of transmission recorded. It causes mild scrotal discomfort. No cases of transmission through vaginal secretions noted. Only one case of vertical transmission noted in an infant in India. All standard precautions should be taken to protect the infant from the virus during breast feeding. Standard precautions should be taken to prevent spread during sexual intercourse, keeping in mind the need of physical distancing as advised by the WHO and ICMR. There are chances of increase in the gender-based violence and domestic abuse.

Conclusion: The pandemic of COVID-19 has led to more and more medical and health related issues. Once it is over or the lockdown is released completely, we need to address the issue of post-traumatic stress disorders, depression, sexual health related issue, etc.