Unveiling Nuclide Shell Structure: A Statistical Approach

The theory of nuclear structure is one of the important fields in nuclear physics, and in the 1930s, with the establishment of quantum mechanicsWith the rapid development of applications, nuclear physics, and nuclear structure theory. Especially after Mayer discovered magic numbers and proposed the shell structure of atomic nuclei, fruitful achievements were made in the study of nuclear structure. However, atomic nuclei are multi-particle systems, and the application of quantum mechanics to study nuclear structure has encountered enormous difficulties. This is why statistical analysis has become an important method for studying nuclear structure. This thesis gives a novel model of nuclide shell structure and provides a table of the shell structures of 935 nuclides after conducting a thorough and systematic investigation of known nuclides. This theoretical method allows the thesis to study the shell combination with a bias toward nuclide structure statistical analysis. This thesis distinguishes between the basic models of nuclides and gives 7criteria for nuclide binding, the maximal nucleonic number of each shell (
) , combination of proton and neutron(p/n) and graphs of the nuclide growth. Based on magnetic moment, it also conducts a quantitative analysis of p/n on the shell.

The nuclide structure has the characteristic of a shell and on every shell the combination of proton and neutron features clear regularity. Among the 106 elements from mceclip1-b6bae2f183e5cf95c92ef210e72493f9.pngH to mceclip2-a7935c4192cd60ceb9cef56f55cee284.pngSg the serial number of the most outside shell in structure is 7, and nuclides mceclip3-cae25b805e5ff2149bc958c548597f8e.pngHa and mceclip4-b5f7b9726a2a7c003cc2097d91b92182.pngSg are respectively even A and odd A 7 shells. It is not a coincidence but a reflection of the nuclide shell structure.
The thesis uses the result of a statistical analysis to confirm the existence of “the magic Number” and reveals the fact that the magic number” is a reflection of p/n on nuclide shell, particularly on the outer shells. The statistical analysis reveals that the nuclide stability and its way of decay are dependent on the nucleonic combination on the most outside shell and the matching between full-filled and semi-full filled p/n, thus unveiling the general law governing the stability and decay of nuclides.