EVALUATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL, ECOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR DIVERSITY IN ARABIDOPSIS AND FUTURE PROSPECTIVE: A REVIEW

Plant variations are very imperative character to survive under unfavorable conditions. Similarly Arabidopsis shows diversity among their species at geographical, morphological and molecular level worldwide. However Arabidopsis exhibits differences in ploidy level also which includes diploid, tetraploid and amphipoid. Hence, ploidy variation would be useful for basic study of allopolyploidy and autopolyploidy and generated information will be translated to economical important crops in future. Nine species of Arabidopsis reported for example, A. thaliana, A. suecica, A. arenosa, A. neglecta, A. croatica, A. cebennensis, A. pedemontana, A. lyrata, A. halleri. Out of nine, Arabidopsis thaliana has been selected as model plant for molecular studies due to its appropriate data availability and following features like whole genome sequence, short life cycle, less number of chromosome, easy transformation and hands-on laboratory experiments. Therefore there is need to focus their related species which located different altitude, latitude and environmental condition to detect the adaptive traits for translational applications in evolutionary biology and agriculture. Molecular markers would be good approach to detect DNA sequence diversity using third generation sequencing based markers like Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) to distinguish prominent and promising ecotype. Further depth analysis of molecular, ecological and phenotypic diversity will be fruitful to detect unique loci/adaptive trait under adverse environmental conditions in Arabidopsis. Later, most favorable loci/allele may explore and transfer to other crops through comparative analysis and transformation techniques.