Eosinophilia in Pemphigus: Single Center Study in Morocco

Introduction: Eosinophils, play major roles in the pathogenesis of various dermatoses (atopic dermatitis, bullous pemphigoid, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS)…).

Hypereosinophilia in pemphigus has not been well documented in the literature, hence we initiated this study with the aim of objectivizing this association and studying its characteristics.

Materials & Methods: A retrospective comparative descriptive study was carried out in the dermatology department of Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, between 1990 and 2023, on 391 patients with pemphigus. Data from medical records were analyzed, focusing on variables such as age at diagnosis, gender, duration of disease, medical history, presence of autoimmune conditions, clinical types, eosinophil count in the blood and presence of pruritus. Data entry and analysis were performed using Excel and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.

Results: In this study, there were no significant age or gender differences. Hypereosinophilia was observed in 13,3% of patients with pemphigus, and for the clinical phenotypes, pemphigus vulgaris was more frequent, followed by pemphigus seborrheic. The majority of these patients had associated pruritus. In terms of disease progression, the hypereosinophilia was resolved in the majority of our patients after therapeutic management of pemphigus.

Conclusion: To further understand the implications of eosinophils in the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of various pemphigus subtypes, additional research is warranted. and for the hypereosinophilia resolved with treatment of pemphigus