Primary Systemic Amyloidosis of Tongue: Pitfall and Challenges in the Diagnosis

Amyloidosis is caused by the deposition of insoluble fibrillary protein in tissues and organs resulting in severe organ dysfunction. The clinical presentation for the diagnosis of amyloidosis is nonspecific, making it one of the most underdiagnosed conditions. Treatment is now available and is effective in improving patients’ survival and quality of life. We present a case of generalized amyloidosis in a 71-year-old patient admitted with a diagnosis of benign neoplasm of the root of the tongue. Subsequently, she underwent surgical treatment followed by purulent-septic complications developed leading to death. Microscopic examination of the biopsy tissue revealed deposits of amyloid and the patient was diagnosed to have primary generalized amyloidosis. These facts confirm the essential need to differentiate tumors from amyloidosis. Hence, this paper aims to provide physicians with knowledge about the clinical presentation that raises the suspicion of amyloidosis, bearing in mind the importance of early diagnosis.